IMPACT OFMIGRATION

“Migration is the introduction of new people into a population ” of animals, plants or humans. Nowadays, it is an actually topic, because it is several social and economic problem for many countries around the world. It has two different categories: the economic migration and the forced migration . The first one “refers to someone who has emigrated from one nation to another, for the purposes of seeking employment or improved economic situation. ” The second one “refers to someone who is forced to emigrate from one nation to another, from violence, coercion and compelling political reasons, or other forms of duress; rather then from a voluntary action. ”

In the first cause, economic immigrant migrated for labors, family reunification or marriage . Those people looking for better economic opportunities abroad in the new country. For many experts, this group has the potential role for to reducer poverty, especially Absolute Poverty, in the original home countries. It is because the significant impact that financial remittances and others benefits, that it can have on their countries of origin .

In the second cause, forced immigrant encompass the more poignant vulnerabilities associated with international movements, especially where it involves women and children . Despite perceptions to the contrary, the percentage of it is smaller that other kind of immigrants; they are called “Refugees and Asylum-seekers.” The refugees migrants are the most vulnerable, marginalized and best-know group within forced migration. On the other hand, the reasons for Asylum-seekers migration are “war, violence, and chaos, in own countries. ” Asylum-seekers are unable or unwilling to return to their home because they cannot have effective protection in their.

In 2009, there were 20 million refugees around the world, mainly in Africa. Ten million under the responsibility of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and this category of immigrant make up 7% every year. Unlike economic migrant, who tend to gravitate toward developed regions, on estimated 90 percent of all refugees currently live in developing countries . Most part of those people is from poor countries, and they need too many support assistant for basic necessities like food, housing, clothing, health service and education.

For those reasons, the condition for forced immigrants is really hard, these are far worse than economic migrant. They are living, most of them, in absolute poverty, particularly the refugees from African countries. Economic opportunities and other benefits are not for their people; a major issue is that the poorest people and countries profit the least from remittances . For example, Sub-Saharan Africa region received only 2% of all remittance flow in 2005 . That people from this poorest region, have the most difficulty migrating, earning and remitting funds from abroad. In conclusion, the forced migrants are the most vulnerable immigrant in the world.

POVERTY CANCER

Poverty is a major issue in the world nowadays. Warfare and poverty are two of the largest cancers that humanity suffers, and unfortunately the first one is both cause and effect of the other. Just as cancer have many causes and consequences, also the poverty. But there are ways to combat poverty.

The definition of poverty has a relationship of two categories: Absolute poverty and relative poverty. The first meaning refers to the socioeconomic condition in which people lack sufficient income to obtain basic necessities required to life, such as food, housing, clothing, health service and education. Absolute poverty is far worse than relative poverty because they could quite possible not have a house or food to live, such as for everyday survival. Whereas relative poverty refers to the condition in which one can not afford that is considered a normal standard of living.[1] As a result, some things considered “basic possession” for normal life in some countries, are considered “luxury” in other poorer place around the world. For example, one is guilty, because I have hot water and for other living in poverty this basic possession (hot water) is a luxury. This complex issue has not only one cause or effect, is more correct to say “cycle of poverty”, because the effects are on the causes, and vice versa.

In the first place, it is a killer issue, the biggest causes for death in the world. Many people have died because of the lack of food. Every year nearly 11 million children living in poverty die before their fifth birthday. Approximately 1.02 billion people go to bed hungry each night, 17.64% of the world’s population (calculated about 6.8 billion people)[2]. Even, poverty has caused death of millions because of the lack of medicine and unsanitary living conditions of poor people. Hunger, disease, and less education describe a person in poverty. One third of deaths (some 18 million people a year or 50,000 per day) are due to poverty-related causes. Most of them women and children have died as a result of poverty since 1990[3].

In the second place, poverty has raised the rate of crime, because of the lack of essential items people need for survival (especially food). Those people live with fear, especially for their children. This fear is caused because many people without money or food will resort to violence to be able to survive everyday life. Too many kids were born into poverty will not be living to see the age of 25 years. It also was caused for hunger across the world. Poor people spend a greater portion of their budgets on food, and for this reason poor households can be particularly vulnerable to increases in food prices. “For example in late 2007 increases in the price of grains led to food riots in some countries. The World Bank warned that 100 million people were at risk of sinking deeper into poverty[4]”.

In the third place, poverty increases healthy diseases. People in poverty are exposed to crowded living conditions which result in an increased exposure to contagious and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria and AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases run rampant in poverty stricken areas. Poverty increases the risk of homelessness. There are over 100 million street children worldwide. Increased risk of drug abuse may also be associated with poverty[5]. Those living in poverty suffer lower life expectancy. According to the World Health Organization, hunger and malnutrition are the single gravest threats to the world's public health and malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all cases. As a result, women who have children born in poverty can not nourish their children efficiently with the right prenatal care[6]. They may also suffer from disease that may be passed down to the child through birth. For example, the Asthma is usual problem children acquire when born into poverty.

For poverty to be a complex problem, the solutions are also alike. The first solution is donating money. Its simplest form is a basic income grant, providing citizens with money for care about basic necessities. Another solution is to increase micro finance projects, made famous by the Grameen Bank[7]. These projects consist of small amounts of money for poor people (mostly women) to start small businesses. With these capital gains they can obtain economic rewards to support their families. Finally, one of the best ways to help the poor is to cancel the external debt of these countries, at least for the poorest. If poor countries do not have to spend so much on debt payments, they can use the money instead for priorities which help reduce poverty and may well provide basic health-care and education to their people[8].

Bibliography

Global Issues (2010, October 10). Causes of Poverty. Retrieved October 10, 2010, from Global Issues website:
http://www.globalissues.org/issue/2/causes-of-poverty.

123helpme.com (2010, October 10). Poverty Essays. Retrieved October 10, 2010, from 123helpme website: http:// www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=Poverty.

Fight Poverty (2010, October 10). Causes of Poverty. Retrieved October 10, 2010, from Fight Poverty website:
http://www.fightpoverty.mmbrico.com/poverty/reasons.html#causes.

Poverty in Wikipedia (2010, October 10). Retrieved October 10, 2010, from http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty.

[1] Original meaning from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty. I check ideas for a new meaning.
[2] Take from: http://erlc.com/article/do-people-really-go-to-bed-hungry/.
[3] Take from http://www.oneworldyouthproject.org/pdfs/aprilcurriculum.pdf.
[4] Take from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty.
[5] Take from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty.
[6] Idem.
[7] Take from: http://www.grameenfoundation.org/who-we-are.
[8] Take from: http://www.fightpoverty.mmbrico.com/poverty/reasons.html#causes.

PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction

“A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a kind of weapon that can kill a large number of humans, usually cause great damage to man-made structures, natural structures, or the biosphere in general” Normally the term is most widely used for nuclear, biological or chemical weapons and is not a new term. It is because; it was first used in 1937 to describe the effects to Germany’s Blanket-Bombing, used in the aerial bombardment of Guernica, Spain (used in the London Times newspaper in referent to this war). Of course, all we know the power of nuclear weapons, but for what the nations use the WMD and what can do to stop the proliferation of it?

During the Cold War period (1946-1991), Americans lived with the prospect of a nuclear war between USA and Russian. In school, the children needed to participate in “duck and cover” drills that simulated what to do in case of nuclear attack. The military said: Is for strategy or for prevent the soviet attack. You know, the first reason to proliferation or to use WMD is for prevent possible attack of the enemies.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, fears diminished for a few time. The news confrontations are hostile countries shitted to so-called rogue states like Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea and Syria. In addition, many terrorist groups, like Al-Qaida have direct or indirect support to their nations. The September 11 attacks by Al-Qaida and the anthrax scared in months it only improve the global fear.

In result of this condition in the National security Agenda the main actions are third. First, rogue states have or are seeking to possess WMD. Second, rogue states provide direct and indirect support to terrorist groups like Al-Qaida, and third, rouge states with WMD are likely to provide terrorist groups. Thus, in order to prevent this third situation, the government of USA, invaded Iraq in 2003. Consequently, the second reason for proliferation and use WMD is “the fear”. You know the End of this War, after conquering Iraq; Americans discovered that Iraq had not WMD.

Because of the damage of these weapons, a number of treaties have been established to control the proliferation of WMD. Although there are not formal treaties for fining the use of nuclear weapons, these are only for stop the proliferation for USA and Russian. Those treaties aimed at limiting the production and spread of nuclear weapons. For several reason WMDs<>